cell transport review worksheet

1. Cell Transport
2. cell transport review
3. Cell Transport Worksheet Review
4. Cell Transport- Review the Basics
5. 9th Grade Freshmen Biology Passive Cell Transport Notes
6. Active, Passive, and Bulk Cell Transport
7. Cell Transport Review Part 1

Cell Transport

تعليق هي على! إيقاف بالنقر على “CC” في أسفل اليمين.,تابعونا على تويتر (AmoebaSisters) والفيسبوك!,هل سبق لك أن تساءلت عن ما يجب أن يكون مثل أن يكون داخل الخلية؟ تخيل المادة الوراثية،,السيتوبلازم، والريبوسومات — سوف تجد أنه في ALL تقريبا خلايا بدائيات النوى و—-,حقيقيات النواة. خلايا يوكاريوت بالإضافة لها الغشاء العضيات ملزمة. كل تلك العضيات,لديها وظائف مختلفة. ولكن الخلايا ليست عوالم صغيرة معزولة. لديهم الكثير من الذهاب,في داخلها، لكنها تتفاعل أيضا مع بيئتهم.,فمن المنطقي أن الحفاظ على بيئة مستقرة داخلهم — والمعروف باسم التوازن — هم,يجب أن يكون بعض السيطرة على ما يجري في و للخروج منها. هيكل مهم جدا ل,ذلك أن تحتوي جميع الخلايا هو غشاء الخلية. من خلال التحكم في ما يجري داخل وخارج، الخلية,غشاء يساعد على تنظيم التوازن.,دعونا نلقي نظرة على غشاء الخلية. هل يمكن أن يكون بالطبع على غشاء الخلية,نفسها — لديها بنية مذهلة والإشارات قدرات. ولكن التمسك أساسيات جدا، فإنه,مصنوع من طبقة ثنائية فوسفورية. طبقة ثنائية يعني طبقتين، ولذلك عليك أن هاتين الطبقتين,الدهون. جزء منهم — الرأس هو القطبي. الجزء الذيل اقطبي.,بعض جزيئات ليس لديهم مشكلة يمر بها غشاء الخلية وتذهب مباشرة من خلال,طبقة ثنائية فوسفورية. صغيرة جدا غير القطبية جزيئات تناسب في هذه الفئة وهي كبيرة,مثال. مثل بعض الغازات. الأكسجين والكربون غاز ثاني أكسيد أمثلة كبيرة. هذا هو المعروف,نشر بهذه البساطة. أيضا، لأنها لا تأخذ أي طاقة لإجبار هذه الجزيئات أو,من ذلك وهو ما يعرف النقل السلبي. يتحرك الانتشار البسيط مع تدفق. المعنى،,وهو يتحرك مع التدرج التركيز. الجزيئات تتحرك من تركيز عال لل,تركيز منخفض. هذا هو الطبيعي الجزيئات الطريق مثل لنقل — من الأعلى إلى,منخفضة — حتى عندما تسمع أحدهم يقول انها الذهاب مع التدرج بعد ذلك أن ما,وهم يقصدون بذلك.,نتذكر كيف قلنا غشاء الخلية في الواقع بنية معقدة جدا؟ حسنا،,الشيء الوحيد الذي لم يذكر حتى الان هي البروتينات في الغشاء، وبعضها النقل,البروتينات. بعض البروتينات النقل بمثابة القنوات. بعض هذه البروتينات تغيير الواقع على,تشكيل لتحصل على البنود في جميع أنحاء. بعض منهم مفتوحة وعلى أساس وثيقة على التحفيز من نوع ما.,وهذه هي الأشياء الجيدة، لأنها مساعدة مع الجزيئات التي قد تكون كبيرة جدا,عبور الغشاء من تلقاء نفسها أو جزيئات التي هي القطبية — وبالتالي بحاجة إلى مساعدة,من بروتين النقل. وهذا ما يعرف سهلت تعريف. انها لا تزال نشرها، وذلك,لا يزال يتحرك مع التدرج تركيز من الأعلى إلى الأقل. أنها لا تتطلب طاقة,لذلك هو نوع من الرياضة تران السلبي. انها مجرد أن البروتينات هي تسهيل، أو,مساعدة، الأمور تمر. وغالبا ما تتطلب الأيونات قناة البروتين من أجل بالمرور.,الجلوكوز يحتاج مساعدة من البروتين النقل بالمرور. في التناضح، عن الماء ل,السفر بمعدل سريع عبر الغشاء، أنها تمر عبر قنوات بروتين يسمى,aquaporins. هذه كلها أمثلة على سهلت نشر، وهو نوع من النقل السلبي,ويتحرك مع التدرج تركيز من الأعلى إلى تركيز منخفض.,الآن كل وسائل النقل ذكرنا له كانت سلبية في الطبيعة، وهذا يعني انها,الانتقال من التركيز العالي لتركيز منخفض. ولكن ماذا لو كنت تريد أن تذهب في الاتجاه الآخر؟,على سبيل المثال، فإن الخلايا المبطنة الحاجة أمعائك لتأخذ في الجلوكوز. ولكن ما إذا كان تركيز,من الجلوكوز في الخلية أعلى من بيئة؟ نحن بحاجة للحصول على الجلوكوز في,وانها ستكون لدينا ليضطر ضد تدفق التدرج المنتظم. حركة الجزيئات,من الأقل إلى تركيز عال يأخذ الطاقة لأن هذا ضد التيار. عادة,ATP الطاقة. للتذكير فقط أن ATP أدينوسين — ثلاثي — فقد 3 الفوسفات. عندما,يتم تقسيم السندات للفوسفات الماضي، يطلق كمية كبيرة من الطاقة. انها,جزيء صغير رائع جدا. ATP يمكن السلطة النقل النشط لإجبار تلك الجزيئات,للذهاب ضد التدرج تركيزهم، وطريقة واحدة يمكن أن تفعل ذلك هو تنشيط الواقع,البروتين النقل نفسها. واحدة من المفضلة لدينا أمثلة على النقل النشط هو الصوديوم والبوتاسيوم,مضخة ذلك وهذا بالتأكيد شيء يستحق التحقق من!,- هناك أوقات أخرى تحتاج الخلية إلى ممارسة,طاقة للنقل – ونحن ما زلنا في النقل النشط في الوقت الراهن. ولكن دعونا نقول,خلية تحتاج جزيء كبير جدا — دعونا أقول السكاريد كبير (إذا كنت تحقق من,لدينا شريط فيديو جزيء حيوي، وهذا هو الكربوهيدرات كبيرة) — جيدا قد تحتاج غشاء الخلية لتندمج مع,جزيئات انه أخذ في لجعله في داخل. وهذا ما يسمى الإلتقام — التفكير,إندو ل “في” في كثير من الأحيان، وهذا التفجير من المواد مع غشاء الخلية وتكوين الحويصلات,التي يمكن اتخاذها داخل الخلية. الإلتقام هو مصطلح عام، ولكن هناك الفعلية مختلفة,أنواع الإلتقام اعتمادا على كيفية خلية تجلب المواد في الداخل.,الأميبا على سبيل المثال تعتمد على شكل الإلتقام. Pseudopods تمتد في انحاء مختلفة ما تريد أن تبتلع وبعد ذلك يحصل,سحبت في فجوة. هناك أشكال أخرى أيضا مثل يتوهم الإلتقام مستقبلات بوساطة — حيث,خلايا يمكن أن يكون جدا، جدا، من الصعب إرضاءه جدا حول ما سيأتي في ذلك لأن المواد الواردة,فعلا لربط المستقبلات حتى الحصول على، أو الإحتساء — الذي يسمح لل,خلية لتأخذ في السوائل. حتى لجوجل ل معرفة المزيد من التفاصيل عن أنواع مختلفة,الإلتقام.,إيماس هو الاتجاه العكسي من الإلتقام، لذلك هذا هو عندما جزيئات خروج — يعتقدون إكسو,والخروج. ويمكن أيضا أن تستخدم إيماس للحصول على التخلص من النفايات الخلية ولكن من المهم أيضا حقا,للحصول على المواد الهامة إلى أن جعلت الخلية. تريد مثال رائع؟ تفكير,العودة إلى تلك السكريات — هل تعلم أن الكربوهيدرات كبيرة هي أيضا ذات أهمية كبيرة,لصنع جدران الخلايا النباتية؟ جدران الخلايا هي مختلفة من أغشية الخلايا —- كل الخلايا,لدينا الأغشية ولكن ليس كل الخلايا لديها جدار. ولكن إذا كنت تسير على جعل جدار الخلية،,وأنت تسير في حاجة للحصول على تلك الكربوهيدرات التي يتم إنتاجها في الخلية النباتية من,الخلية لجعل الجدار. لذا فإن هناك مثال عظيم على عندما كنت بحاجة إيماس,هناك مباشرة.,حسنا هذا كل شيء للأخوات الاميبا و نذكر لك بالبقاء غريبة!,تابعونا على تويتر (AmoebaSisters) والفيسبوك!

cell transport review

in this video were going to be,reviewing the cell membrane and cell,transport,both of these are relatively,complicated concepts and appear,frequently on the mcas so make sure you,ask questions if you have any,first thing to know about the cell,membrane is its functions,cell membrane protects the cell,helps move substances and messages in,and out,and helps maintain homeostasis,remember homeostasis is balance,when we reviewed macromolecules we,talked about how your cell membrane was,made up of lipids,now since were reviewing the cell,membrane well talk a little bit more,about these lipids,these lipids are specifically referred,to as phospholipids,they have a head,and a tail,and remember that the head is,hydrophilic which means it loves water,and the tail is hydrophobic which means,it hates water,in the case of a cell water is inside,and outside the cell,therefore the tails need to be protected,on both sides and this is what causes,the formation of a lipid bilayer,if you were to look at the cell membrane,in every cell whether its prokaryotic,or eukaryotic,you would see this double,layer of phospholipids called a bilayer,by meaning two,what do the proteins do in your cell,membrane,well if the lipids are making up most of,your cell membrane if you look,specifically at this picture the little,yellow circles are all lipids so most of,your cell membrane is actually,constructed of lipids,what the proteins do,is they help molecules move in and out,of the cell if you look here,theres one protein,a vocab word thats important to review,is semi-permeable or selectively,permeable,semi-permeable,means the same thing as selectively,permeable,basically what it means is only certain,molecules can get into and out of the,cell,they either have to be able to get,through the lipids,by dissolving,or they have to be small enough,without a charge so that they can travel,through the protein like the protein or,a tunnel,now that weve briefly talked about the,cell membrane to review lets talk,quickly about different types of,transport,well start by talking about passive,transport,and the different types of path of,transport,the important thing to remember for all,passive transport is no energy is,required,for it to occur,whether were talking about diffusion,facilitated diffusion or osmosis,a vocab word that will help you in our,talk of cell transport is concentration,concentration is basically the amount of,stuff you have in a given volume,so for instance if you have a lot of,stuff,we say you have a high concentration,or if you only have a little stuff,we say you have a low concentration,typically things want to move in the,direction of being very crowded,to being able to spread out,so they want to go from a high,concentration to lower,diffusion is in general just the,movement of molecules from high to low,concentration,this can be any type of movement,you could spray perfume,in a room and it would diffuse from the,bottle into the whole room,in the cell,this could be,any,sort of molecule,like lets say oxygen or carbon dioxide,that are small enough to get through the,lipids,and as long as theyre going from a high,concentration lets say theres a high,concentration of oxygen in your,avioli to a low concentration in your,capillaries thats called diffusion,osmosis is different because osmosis is,only the movement of water,if water molecules are moving,then you have osmosis,when we talked about this the first time,and also when we talked about anatomy we,talked a little bit about hypertonic and,hypotonic solutions,hypertonic means,outside of the cell is more concentrated,than inside the cell,therefore,if we think of it as maybe the cells in,a very salty solution,the salt is going to suck the water out,of the cell,and the cell is going to shrink up,hypotonic,think the cell is going to explode this,happens if maybe,a cell were taken from a typical human,body and put into a glass of water,if the water is pure,then all the water is going to flood,into the sun,and the cell will explode,the last type of solution is called,isotonic and really its just important,to keep in mind usually your cells are,in isotonic solutions,isotonic means your cells are staying,the same size,because water is moving in and out at,the same rate,this is the perfect solution,for your cells to be,all right check yourself with these two,problems,again this is a little bit difficult but,if you remember the word,salt sucks that can help you,nacl again is just the science term for,salt,if we look at the first example we see,that theres a higher concentration of,salt outside the cell,than inside,therefore water will move towards the,salt,and the cell is going to shrivel up,making this hypertonic,if we look at our other example,now theres more salt inside the cell,water rushes in,to dilute that salt,the cell might explode because its in a,hypotonic solution,if you couldnt figure these two,problems out,make sure you ask a question before,moving on,now were quickly going to go over some,other types of transport,facilitated diffusion,is another type of passive transport,and basically its just transport where,a protein channel is used,this is the type of transport that might,have allowed glucose to get into the,villi,and into our circulatory system,it might have had to pass through,protein channels because glucose is too,big to just go through the lipid,wall,just check yourself with these three,problems,if you couldnt figure any of these out,make sure you ask,the first question the answer should,have been osmosis,number two,should have been facilitated diffusion,and the last one should have just been,diffusion,and now well talk about active,transport active transport you really,just need to know that energy is,required,because youre moving substances against,their concentration gradient or youre,moving it from where theres a little,stuff to a lot,something called carrier proteins or,pumps might be used,in active transport,so if you say the word pump think you,need to put an energy to pump something,and thats active,or think if youre going to a higher,concentration,you would need to put in energy to get,up there,versus if you were falling back down to,a low concentration that would be,passive no energy,last thing were going to review in this,video is what atp is,weve used it a lot we used it in,anatomy we used it in cell biology,and we used it when talking about the,cell membrane,but just to quickly review,atp stands for identi adenosine,triphosphate,if we were to look at the elements in it,you can see that theres nitrogen,hydrogen,oxygen,theres also carbon and phosphate,therefore we know were dealing with a,nucleic acid,and basically where contains energy is,between,the last two phosphates,thats the high energy bond that when,its broken,the molecule becomes adp,and gives off energy,thats really all you need to know about,atp,and the cell membrane and cell transport,if you couldnt understand any of this,ask questions or re-watch part of the,video

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Cell Transport Worksheet Review

and hello uh first thing id like you to,do today in this module is well what we,i would like to do with you is,go over your cell transport worksheet,just like we would do on a normal day,both passive and active transport the,first over here is on the passive then,well get into the active in the second,half,this first part here starts with four,multiple choice making sure that you,understand some of the terminology and,what is happening,so lets get at it here your first,question was which of the following must,be true for diffusion we talked about,diffusion as one of the three different,types,passive transport along with osmosis and,facilitated diffusion,and it doesnt matter if youre talking,about diffusion or osmosis or,facilitated diffusion,uh with passive transport theres one,thing,that is always true and that is that the,particles always move from where there,are more of them to where there are less,of them and when we talk about more or,less were talking about the,concentration so the correct answer,and im just going to highlight this is,c,there must be areas of different,concentrations and as i said in,diffusion and passive transport,it always is going to move from where,theres more of it higher concentration,to where there is less of it lower,concentration,now if there is a condition,in which no net change in castration,results from diffusion and thats,actually what passive transport is,trying to accomplish,that doesnt mean there isnt any,movement of particles its just that the,overall net difference stays the same,and that is what we call equilibrium,this is what the cell is trying to,accomplish through passive transport,now one of the things or one of the ways,this works in our body is how we get,oxygen into our bloodstream and,the air that we breathe in or the air in,the room so to speak has a higher,concentration of oxygen than what we,have,in our lung cells,now since the air that we breathe in is,higher than what isnt actually inside,the cells because of what we just went,over about diffusion the oxygen is going,to diffuse,into the cells,so therell be a net increase inside,the lung cells and that is because,the higher concentration of oxygen,outside,is going to move into those lung cells,to right try to reach equilibrium once,that cells get or once that oxygen gets,in these lung cells,it passes into some capillaries and gets,to our bloodstream where it can be,carried off,and put,into,or actually not in the bloodstream it,gets carried off and taken to towards,the heart,where it can be put into the blood,okay that leads us to number four which,of the following statements tells how,facilitated diffusion differs from,simple diffusion facilitated means that,it needs help and as i went over this in,class i told you that sometimes,particles are so big they cant get,through,okay so they need some help getting,across the membrane were still moving,stuff from high concentration to low,concentration so in order to do that we,have to use what are called channel,proteins that allow these,larger particles,to pass through so again for questions,one two three and four we have letter c,letter b,letter d,and letter c,okay again well double check make sure,you have the right answers if you did,miss one,just correct your answer before,resubmitting your assignment so lets,move on down here,and,this time were going to look at the,three different types of solutions we,have an isotonic solution meaning there,is,equal amount of solute and solution,inside and inside the cell and outside,the cell,we have a hypertonic solution hyper,means more solute less water,okay so theres going to be more water,and less solute inside the cell and then,in a hypotonic solution,were going to have the solution is,going to have a low amount of solute and,a high amount of water compared to the,cell so the cell is going to,have a lower amount of water and a,higher amount of solute so whats going,to be the resulting thought here,well in isotonic iso meaning equal,that means that the particles and the,water the solute and the solvent,are are equal both inside and outside,the cell yes there is going to be still,be movement as we mentioned earlier,but the cells will stay the same,okay the cells will stay the same,so our answer right here for this one,should be letter,c,okay again this should be letter,c,so,just put a couple lines here,a couple lines there and we will be good,to go,sorry about that,now as we move down here,lets go here in the middle,and we have cells in a hypertonic,solution now again i just went over,hypertonic,that means that the surrounding solution,has more solute and less water so that,means youre going to have more water,inside the cells than out,so the result here is that the cell,start pumping their water out so the,cell is going to lose,water,okay,and then finally that must mean then in,this case,obviously that leaves us with b that the,cell is going to,gain water here,okay and again why does it,lose water because in a hypotonic,solution,that means that the cell is hypertonic,so it means the cell has more solute,less water,and water is going to move in and the,cell will begin to swell,okay so based on what we just learned we,should be able to do number eight now i,told you guys that you could just find,pictures,and in this case were doing the,hypertonic solution again in a,hypertonic solution,cells are going to lose water so you can,see that water is moving out in both,cases,the cells begin to shrivel up now in the,case of the plant cell its the membrane,that begins to shrivel up the cell wall,does maintain its shape but in each case,you are dehydrating the,cell okay so now lets move on to,active transport,what is the function of active transport,in moving small molecules,um,and ions across the cell membrane why is,this so important to do,this allows,um,movement,of materials,against,the gradient,which is what we talked about in class,and examples of this,sorry an example,of this,is,the movement,of uh,potassium,and sodium,in your muscles,sorry,and nerves,okay again in order for our muscles and,nerves to be able to function properly,um we have to go against the gradient,with these ions and that is when were,contracting our muscles or were sending,nerve signals across there,okay so very important that our in order,for our muscle cells to be able to work,that they can move things against the,gradient,this again being active transport,requires the cell to use some energy so,how does that cell use energy or where,does it get that energy from thats all,that question 10 here is about,so lets hop down here how does atp,enable transport chains to move ions,across the cell membrane,okay,the energy from the atp,is used to change,the shape of,the proteins,okay it changes the shape of the,proteins and changing the shape of the,proteins requires energy,and what do we call these types of,proteins that are used in active,transport you should have read about,this while you were reading through your,book thats why i wanted you to have,your book,these are called protein,pumps,and theyre exactly what they are,because,they pump,the materials in this case the ions as,we see in number nine across the,membrane they push them across its just,like a subpump that you would have in,your house to pump out water that has to,be plugged in and requires electricity,these protein pumps get their energy,from the atp,now as we continue,okay we got to this and there is times,that we have to use bulk transport that,means were moving large materials a,large amount of materials at a time if,we look at,endocytosis and exocytosis,literally into the cytoplasm out of the,cytoplasm,now why does this a form of active,transport because the membrane has to be,able to,change its shape so anti-endocytosis,is the movement,sorry i want this to be red,the,movement,of materials,into the cell,um,by changing,or by folding the membrane i should say,and this is the movement,sorry let me fix this again,movement,of material

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Cell Transport- Review the Basics

okay this is the last topic for the cell,processes unit and the topic cell,transport three major ideas of how cells,move stephs materials in an atom,diffusion osmosis and active transport,so first diffusion is the movement of,molecules from a high concentration to a,low concentration its just a natural,process where molecules like these,little dots here because they have heat,energy just kind of randomly bump into,each other and move around and as they,do that they end up kind of spreading,out through whatever area theyre in and,so thats from a high concentration to,low lots of things move around by the,process of diffusion for example the,smell of coffee in the air which is a,gas Im at your coffee cup that the,copies really concentrated a high,concentration but Id love seems diffuse,out through the air and molecules bump,into each other you can eventually smell,it diffusion also happens in liquids,food coloring good example we did in,class where we had a flask and we,dropped in some blue food coloring and,it eventually spread around everywhere,because of the process of diffusion for,cells diffusion is the prospies to,transport materials in and out of cells,and its a great with choice to do it,because it doesnt require any energy of,the cell the process just happens so if,you have a lot of oxygen in your blood,stream its going to naturally diffuse,into your cells where the oxygen level,is lower so again it doesnt require,energy because the molecules have,molecular motion because of the heat,energy that they have examples of things,that are transported by diffusion oxygen,carbon dioxide food materials waste,materials,lots of different things can be used by,this process so the second cell,transport process for the test is,osmosis which is defined as the movement,of water across cell membranes to have,these two things in the definition or it,wont be right so again its a diffusion,across of water across the cell membrane,so its really I said diffusion here it,is water moving from where theres more,of it to where theres less of it and if,it crosses the cell membrane officially,its known as osmosis its another,example of a transport that the cell,doesnt have to do anything to take in,water it doesnt require any energy HS,happens because of the heat energy and,the water always moves from where,theres more of it to where theyre,glass a high to low concentration one of,the things that you have to be able to,do for the test is understanding during,situations what will happen to a cell,depending on the concentration of the,solution that its in so calling the,mods Moses problems here so if I have a,cell inside of a beaker that has looks,like the little dots are supposed to be,the solute which could be solved it,could be sugar some molecule in there,and in the empty space is the water and,so by comparison the solution has more,solute in it then the cell itself,although size does have some solute but,if you think about where theres been,more water because theres more dots on,the outside theres more water inside of,the cell and so water is going to move,by osmosis from where theres more water,to where theres less on this situation,is cell would shrivel the water would,move out another situation we have,actually labeled it as percentages of,salt let me think about what the,percentage is better I like to turn them,into water % hooks I set up like to turn,into water percentages instead of twice,as five percent salt that means in,ninety five percent water outside of the,cell and if inside of the cell has five,percent solute switches you know,proteins and ions and other little,monkey,its ninety-five percent water well you,look out at me say wheres the water,higher well in this case the waters not,higher in either case so it can happen,in some water will diffuse out someone,or will diffuse in and that seam is,going to really change for the cell,thats kind of the normal situation of,yourself to your bloodstream Im so they,dont shrink or swell the final example,here is where the cell has a lot more,solute dissolved in it and the,surrounding environment Im going to say,this time which means theres high water,here because theres less solute,molecules that I drew lower water in the,cell and that means the water is going,to diffuse into the cell thats how it,likely burst and less of the cases it,was a plant cell plant cells have a cell,wall around them and so all help prevent,myself from breaking under the pressure,as the shell expense ourselves in this,case actually could expand and actually,burst and die so we gotta sell it,dehydrates we are selling the normal,situation for ourselves the last type of,transport is active transport thats,transport from low to a high its the,opposite of the other two transports,sometimes of cell needs to move stuff to,where theres already a bunch and so,this is an active process that uses ATP,which provides the energy to actually,make this happen it always uses a,protein in the cell membrane and it can,be used to move many types of molecule,many different molecules so I have a,little example here this drawing this is,blind splinter cell membrane,and youd say this is the inside or,outside doesnt actually matter but I,see I have much little hydrogen ions,hydrogen atoms basically and this is my,protein here thats kind of pump pageant,atoms across by active transport that,they have a low concentration of them on,the side theres only one in this case,higher concentration over here its,going to move it from here that would be,active transport because its moved from,a low to a high and they would also have,to have little ATP molecule that binds,on to this protein and causes it to pull,the hydrogen across so thats active,transport from a low life so those are,your three transport processes overall,one more question that we briefly,investigated this week is the obvious,question is of silver so small and were,wondering well why is that and heres a,true fact that our math calculations of,the lab point asses self smalls small,cells have a larger surface area,compared to their volumes and what that,ends up meaning is that smaller cells,end up and they have two pictures here,they can allow in a lot of materials and,that helps them survive but the main,point that we focused on was the smaller,cells the time it takes for something to,diffuse all the way across or to the,center of the cell say its you know,oxygen is a lot shorter because you like,of this arrow represents time same,amount of time in a larger cell an,oxygen molecule could only diffuse that,far mean all this area here would not,have enough oxygen to you know do it,cell respiration and make ATP it would,be able to survive smaller cells on the,other hand have a much easier time,getting diffusion to happen all the way,through them in a timely fashion which,allows them to survive which is why you,dont see any big cells because the,smaller cells have this easier way to,survive so I cant remember exactly what,I was going to write here but I think I,just said it it says cell transport,processes are most efficient when the,cell is small so bottom line so theyre,small because the transport you should,do the cell transport materials in the,cell can happen a lot,timely ER its not that they happen,faster if theres a shorter distance for,the stuff to the fuse on a small cell,then there is the distance that shes in,a large cell shorter distance means you,can get everything you need wherever you,want fast enough and youre going to be,able to survive and that goes for waste,to you need to get rid of carbon dioxide,or other ways if youre small you have,an easier time getting it out so thats,the key thats the end of the units,good luck on the test

9th Grade Freshmen Biology Passive Cell Transport Notes

hey guys and welcome back for part two,of our cellular transport unit this is,going to be talking about passive,cellular transport so when you hear the,word passive youre going to think about,doing a netflix marathon you are,chilling there is no energy involved and,thats exactly how this passive,transport process occurs so i have a,little picture here this is going,downhill okay so were going to think,about this whole process as going down,the concentration gradient this means,that were moving from high,concentration,down to low concentration so wherever we,have a lot of particles all the way down,to where we have next to no particles we,are moving down the concentration,gradient we are moving with the,concentration gradient and this is,called cellular transport that is,passive,okay so here is like the complete,overview okay so this goes with the half,sheet of notes from my kiddos so for,passive transport were talking about,the movement of substances that are,going into and out of the cell without,using any energy so previously we talked,about how the cell membrane helps to,control what moves in and what comes out,of the cell its selectively permeable,it gets to choose what things are,entering and what things are exiting but,whats special about passive transport,is there is absolutely no energy,involved this is the natural movement of,particles this is how they want to move,so we are going from a high,concentration down to a low,concentration thats why i like to think,about it like a hill kind of like,gravity theres no energy needed to roll,a ball down the hill all right its just,going to go with gravity so thats the,same way these molecules want to move,from high concentration down towards a,lower concentration and there are three,different types of passive transport,that were going to be talking about the,first one is simple diffusion then we,have facilitated diffusion which just,means aided or helped diffusion right,and then were going to be dealing with,osmosis,okay,so the first thing well talk about is,simple diffusion so this is why we have,molecules that are moving from a high,concentration down to a low,concentration this means that they are,going with the concentration gradient,they are going down the concentration,gradient okay this will happen until,everything is balanced or at an,equilibrium so the particles will,continue to move until there is no,longer an area of high concentration low,concentration i mean molecules are,always moving right but theyre not,going to be consciously moving from a,high area of concentration towards a low,area of concentration once you have,reached that equilibrium its theyre,still moving but its just going to be,in an equal concentration,so again diffusion is from high,concentration to low concentration and,at equilibrium the molecules are moving,around but theres no net flow so,theres no big change in the,concentration because it is now at,equilibrium,secondly we have facilitated diffusion,and facilitated diffusion just means,aided or helped okay so this is,diffusion that occurs that just needs a,helper protein so some molecules cannot,diffuse straight through the membrane,they require a special protein channel,to help them move okay things that,practice simple diffusion are very small,things that are nonpolar this allows,them to pass straight through the,membrane if were using facilitated,diffusion this means that these,molecules or these particles are a,little bit larger that maybe they carry,a charge such as an ion here as the,example,thats the major difference between,simple and facilitated diffusion if it,cant go straight through without,disrupting the membrane its going to,need a protein to help it move and,thats what facilitated diffusion does,lastly we have osmosis now osmosis is,the diffusion of water across a,semi-permeable membrane so were only,dealing with water here water is the,only thing thats moving during osmosis,okay so its a diffusion of water,through special channels called,aquaporins these are just special,proteins in the membrane that allow,water in and out of cells okay water is,going to move from a high area of water,down to a low area of water so from high,concentration to low concentration,thats true for everything that is,passive we are always moving from high,to low concentration and passive,transport so again our three different,types are going to be simple diffusion,which is small nonpolar molecules we,have facilitated diffusion which,requires a protein channel because these,are larger charged molecules and then we,have osmosis which is referring to the,movement of water and only water,okay so with dealing with osmosis we,have to talk about solutions because,osmosis is dealing with the movement of,water typically water has things in it,right so we have a solvent and a solute,that make up the solution right usually,water is the solvent okay this is the,thing that does the dissolving this is,the liquid part it does the dissolving,so typically were talking about water,especially in biology,the solute is a thing that gets,dissolved like salts like sugar like,kool-aid coloring right so,solvent is like the liquid,solute i like to think about solute you,get dissolved solute you get dissolved,okay and well practice with that a,little bit so if were talking about,salt water we have water plus salt,equals salt water okay water is the,solvent salt is the solute because you,are being dissolved and that makes up,salt water okay so were going to look,at how osmosis works and when were,looking at osmosis were going to be,dealing with the solutes not the water,so were going to be looking at the salt,the sugar whatever it is thats been,dissolved in the water thats what were,going to be tracking so with osmosis,there are three different types of,solutions isotonic hypertonic and,hypotonic okay so looking at these its,always a comparison you cant just have,a cup of water that has something in it,and say this is hypertonic you have to,be comparing it to something else you,cant just describe a liquid as being,one of these solutions its always in,association to something else so you,always have to be looking at two,different environments typically what,were looking at is a liquid on the,outside of the cell and then the liquid,inside the cell okay,so in isotonic were dealing with the,same or equal this means that we have,equal solute so the stuff the salt the,sugar whatever it is that were tracking,inside and out inside and outside we,have the same amount of stuff or solute,equal amounts isotonic okay in a,hypertonic solution hyper if you think,hyperactive you think like high energy,this means high solute so we have high,solute outside so this is going to be,out here a hypertonic solution because,it has high ure solute,lastly we have hypotonic hypo means,below okay so hypotonic has a low,concentration of solute and were,talking about the liquid outside of the,cell here this is much lower than the,solute that is inside again solute is,the salt the sugar whatever is being,dissolved so were not looking at the,water its easier to track without,looking at the water,so for plants its a little bit,different osmosis works a little bit,different in plants in our animal cells,isotonic solutions are where our cells,are happy this means that we have the,same amount of solute same amount of,water on either side of our cell and in,the extracellular material so thats,where the cells are happiest right in,plant cells however theyre happiest in,a hypotonic solution they want a lot of,water this is when that central vacuole,is going to fill up with water and its,going to create something called turgor,pressure thats going to push on the,outside of the plant to keep it standing,upright so if youve seen your flowers,over like drooping its because they,have lost their turgor pressure and that,central vacuole has kind of collapsed a,little bit because it needs more water,okay,now were going to look at a few,examples of h

Active, Passive, and Bulk Cell Transport

The plasma membrane regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.,It is capable of carrying out this function because it is selectively permeable,,meaning that it allows certain substances to pass while preventing others.,Basically, substances enter the cell in one of three ways:,passive transport, active transport or bulk transport.,Let’s look at each of these in turn.,Passive transport is the movement of substances into or out of a cell,without the expenditure of energy by the cell.,One form of passive transport is diffusion.,During diffusion, molecules move across a membrane from an area of high concentration,to an area of low concentration.,The molecules are therefore said to be moving down a concentration gradient.,This continues until equilibrium is reached,and the molecules are distributed equally.,Another form of passive transport is facilitated diffusion.,Facilitated diffusion occurs when an ion or molecule diffuses across a membrane,faster than expected, either by way of a specific channel protein,or with the assistance of carrier proteins that change shape as they pass through.,The diffusion of water across a membrane,,or osmosis, is another example of passive transport.,In many cases, specialized proteins called aquaporins,allow for the more rapid transport of water molecules.,The second type of transport, active transport,,requires the input of energy in the form of ATP.,The proteins that conduct this form of transport are often called pumps,,because they force molecules or ions to move from an area of low concentration,to an area of high concentration.,This is commonly referred to as up, or against, the concentration gradient.,One of the more common examples is the sodium-potassium pump,,which moves sodium ions back out of the cell – ,and potassium ions into the cell.,Notice that the sodium potassium pump undergoes a change in shape that allows it to combine,alternately with sodium ions and potassium ions.,The third type of transport, bulk transport,,is used for molecules that are too large to be moved by transport proteins.,Instead, vesicles take them into or out of the cell.,During this process, the plasma membrane surrounds and engulfs the particle.,This is known as endocytosis.,Cells use three basic types of endocytosis,depending on the size and nature of the material to be digested:,phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis.,If the material taken in is large, such as bacteria or a food particle,,the process is called phagocytosis.,Pinocytosis occurs when vesicles form around a liquid, or very small particles.,During receptor-mediated endocytosis,,molecules bind to specific receptor proteins embedded in a coated pit within the plasma membrane.,When enough molecules accumulate in the coated pit,,the pit deepens, seals, and is incorporated into the cell as a vesicle.,Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis.,During exocytosis, membrane bound vesicles move to the surface of the plasma membrane,,fuse with the membrane, and then release their contents to the outside of the cell.,To recap, there are three main types of cell transport:,passive transport, active transport and bulk transport.,Passive transport is the movement of substances in or out of a cell,without the expenditure of energy by the cell.,Active transport requires energy,in the form of ATP to move molecules,against their concentration gradient.,Bulk transport requires vesicle formation and metabolic energy.,Forms of bulk transport include endocytosis,,pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and exocytosis.

Cell Transport Review Part 1

alright this is dr. Meade and this is,the review of the cellular transport,including the cell membrane cell,signaling mitosis control of the cell,cycle and cancer Im going to take you,through a bunch of sample questions to,help you review again this is from the,biology junction calm website that Ive,recommended before I really strongly,suggest the technique that Ive told you,about where you cover up the answers put,your hand or a card over the answers a,through E and just read the question and,think about the question before you,consider the answers so Id encourage,you to take a card right now and hold it,up to the screen so that you can block,out the answers to the questions as we,go so that you can think this process,through lets start with the cell,membrane heres a really easy one I,would I would definitely recommend that,you draw yourself a picture of the,membrane number the different parts of,the cell membrane and quiz yourself on,all the parts and be prepared to,identify the way they look so this,question all of the following molecules,are part of the cell membrane except and,we all hate all of the above except,kinds of questions but I would cover,this up and make a list of all the,things that I know are in the cell,membrane phospholipids proteins the,cholesterol etc maybe I would on my test,draw a little quick picture of the cell,membrane so I could probably use that on,a bunch of questions so looking at this,question which one is something that I,didnt mention well were going to kind,of Zone in on the nucleic acids because,DNA ATP and RNA are not found in,the membrane all the rest are found,there and you would see this in your,book in chapter thats chapter eight and,trying to find the page for you its,page 127 in in your book the thing that,might have thrown you is e steroids,because we kind of shorten the,cholesterol when we talk about it to,just say cholesterol but just to clarify,that the cholesterol were talking about,is a is called a steroid cholesterol,okay number 41 the presence the presence,of cholesterol in the plasma membranes,of some animals so youre going to cover,up all the answers and think about the,point of the cholesterol and that is on,page 126 and its at the bottom of the,page and it says the steroid cholesterol,which is wedged between the phospholipid,molecules in the plasma membranes of,animal cells has different effects on,membrane fluidity at different,temperatures a warm temperatures the,body temperature of humans for example,cholesterol makes the membranes less,fluid by restraining the movement of,phospholipids but because cholesterol,also hinders the close packing with,phospholipids it lowers the temperature,required for the membrane to solidify,solidify thus cholesterol can be thought,of as a temperature buffer for the,membrane resisting changes in membrane,fluidity that can be caused by changes,in temperature so that is all about this,steroid cholesterol so the answer that,has to do with temperature is a enables,the membrane to stay fluid more easily,when cell temperature drops,okay number 43 we had this question on,one of our quizzes what is one of the,ways that the membranes of winter we are,able to remain fluid when it is,extremely cold Im sorry that part of it,got cut off I cant resize the window,once its set and what was confusing to,people was the difference between a and,B because we just talked about,cholesterol being responsive to,temperature but that was when we were,talking about animal cells and here,were talking about plant cells so the,answer is a that for a plant cell to,remain for the membrane to remain fluid,its going to increase the unsaturated,phospholipids in the membrane so thats,a key difference between and plant and,animal cell membranes number 45 which of,the following is correct about integral,membrane proteins now this one would,probably throw you because you might,know what an integral membrane protein,is and be able to picture that in your,mind but not understand its other term,so this comes from page one hundred 128,in the textbook and it tells you right,in the sentence that they can be,transmembrane proteins see and Im just,giving you the answer here because at,first this one through me because I,didnt think of interchanging those,terms so trans means across and so were,talking about proteins that go fully,across the width of the membrane so an,integral membrane protein can be one,that goes across the width of the,membrane so the answer is C number 47,what membrane surface molecules are,thought to be most important as cells,recognize each other,so this comes from page 127 128 and 129,the actual term is on page 129 it might,be helpful to make yourself some,flashcards of the different types of,proteins found in the cell membrane,because its important to be able to,distinguish them so we know for sure,its not a because phospholipids are,just making up most of the membrane they,dont have anything to do with how cells,recognize each other integral proteins,are can be involved in transport and the,peripheral proteins are the ones that,are loosely bound to the surface and the,glycoproteins are are the ones were,talking about here and trying to look,for a good picture of them but theyre,composed of a sugar and a carbohydrate,and if you remember what I demonstrated,of how they work in class I put my hand,up and used it as a way to point at,Josiah and say hi Dan and that was my,way to recognize him so thats what the,glycoprotein is for okay heres a,straight definition type question which,of the following statements is correct,about diffusion so you have to think,about what diffusion is and remember,that whether its passive or active and,the trick that I remove diffusion by,which I gave in class is that you spray,perfume and the perfume molecules are,going to diffuse from the bottle outward,in a room and its not going to require,any effort and its definitely going to,go from an area of high concentration to,lower concentration as moves across the,room so the answer to this one is C,passive process in which molecules move,from a region of higher concentration to,a region of lower concentration and its,certainly not rapid over long distances,it does not require energy its not an,active process and it doesnt need,integral proteins in the cell membrane,okay 52 water passes quickly through,cell membranes because so hopefully,youre remembering how water passes to,go the tricky thing here is that the,bilayer is hydrophilic well it has a,hydrophilic portion but also as a,hydrophobic portion so thats why water,cant pass through the membrane without,a protein it moves through hiver,hydrophobic channels would never work,because water is not going to be drawn,somewhere thats hydrophobic water,movement is um tied to ATP hydrolysis,nope and doesnt it doesnt pass quickly,because its a small polar charged,molecule thats why it cant pass,through without a protein and II it,moves through aquaporins in the membrane,and of course thats the UH guap Orens,thats my trick and that is indeed the,answer okay I know you cant read all of,this one so bear with me while I read it,to you a patient has had a serious,accident and lost a lot of blood in an,attempt to replenish body fluids,distilled water equal to the volume of,blood loss is transferred directly into,one of his veins what will be the most,probable result of this transfusion so,distilled water is being transferred,directly into his veins so they want to,know what the result will be on the red,blood cells so this is a time to think,about whether it would be hyper or hypo,tonic,and what result that has on the cell and,I would always draw this out to make it,easier so if its just water of course,inside the cell is not just water so,wheres the water going to go well the,water is going to move in to the cell,because the lead fluid will be hypotonic,compared to the cell so thats see all,right and then looking at plant cells,celery stalks that are immersed in fresh,wate