- Literature Reviews in APA 7th Edition
- APA Literature Review
- How to Write a Literature Review: 3 Minute Step-by-step Guide | Scribbr ????
- LITERATURE REVIEW: Step by step guide for writing an effective literature review
- Literature Reviews APA Format
- Research proposal literature review
- LITERATURE REVIEW tutorial: Writing the literature review real example
Literature Reviews in APA 7th Edition
hi everybody,today im going to be talking about uh,our lit review assignment,um and im going to use an exemplar that,i created a couple years ago,um i wrote this its uh good news and,bad news,impacts of ai in the workplace in,education,and i wrote this for students to see,how the um lit review looked,kind of going through the process of,creating it,and to give you some content that,you could relate to as well so,im going to go through the lit review,starting with the title page,hopefully between this video and,also using the examples that i have,listed in sam,that will help you get your head around,what is expected,from you for this assignment if you have,questions after this video please dont,hesitate to ask if youre wondering,something theres probably,others out there that have the same,questions,so were looking at the title page right,now,notice that the title is a little bit,long and thats typical,of a lit review when you write a lit,review,your readers should know exactly what,that lit review is about,so you dont scrimp on the title okay,so we have the title at the top,we have the author name below so thats,me,then we have our holland college and the,course,and then i have here the date,and i have updated an apa 7th edition,so that,is it just means that i actually wrote,this a few years ago,but because i did an update on it i just,wanted to make that clear in the date,now notice up here i have impacts of a,ai and thats just kind of like a little,shortened version of the title,this is called the running head and,thats what goes in the running head so,its up in the header okay so i just,double clicked on there,its up in the header if youre someone,whos used,apa before you might remember that you,had to write the words,running head on the title page well good,news you dont have to worry about that,anymore,um your running head looks the same on,each and every single page,so for you guys itll just say impacts,of ai,and then over to the right youre going,to have the page numbers,notice that there is no formatting its,actually quite boring its all double,spaced,and um not really a lot going on with,this title page,but that is the way its supposed to,look so kind of refrain from,grabbing on to any templates that you,might find in word,because theyre typically not going to,work with apa,all right a lot of those templates they,like to use,different images and designs and,for apa its kind of you stay boring,boring is good,so all right so im gonna move along,im on to page two so notice you have to,put in the proper page number so,the page numbers change consecutively,and,impacts of ai running head is still,there,and the title of the paper repeats,itself,okay thats important and youll also,notice,again its double spaced and,we use a first line indent for the body,of text,okay refrain from using the tab button,for this,make sure you actually go up to your,ruler and set it at a first line,indent and uh over the course i will,make sure that you know how to do that,but just kind of be clear on that,all right so usually the first paragraph,just introduces,what your paper is about okay there are,different ways to introduce,and we will talk about that um over the,course,uh notice here we have our first,in-text citation so this an in-text,citation,um means that i got this information,from another source,now it just says the last name in the,year so that also tells me that i just,paraphrased,from this author okay so,ill ill just go into that sentence,this sphere of automation,was apparent as far back as the 1800s,when the ludites,destroyed mechanical looms in their,attempt to combat,automation and joblessness alright,so i took the information that was given,and i wrote it in my own words,so therefore i was paraphrasing but,i still had to give that author credit,because he talks about it,um in his article that i used as a,resource,all right so im going to keep going,now i have um a first level,heading and its bold and its center,okay,so this is not a very long lit review,you will not be writing a very long,review,so youll probably have maybe a couple,of first,level headings maybe a couple of second,level headings,um headings are good i do like that,because i find that,uh writers who use headings tend to be a,little more organized with their,information,everything is very clear the only thing,is,when its a short paper youre not going,to have,too many okay because you dont want to,be constantly shifting,um so if you find that you have,a lot in a short paper start putting,some information together,all right so again here we have,um a different author but again these,are in-text citations okay,im going to scroll down,now youll notice here this in-text,citation,is a little bit different it says cosby,at all,so that means that there were three or,more authors,that wrote that article so the first,author gets the credit,and then we list the rest as at all and,at all means,and others okay um now,below that in our next,in-text citation i have as touring,so im quoting from alan turing um,im saying as touring states and then i,go into a direct quote,okay so its obvious when its a direct,quote because i use quotation marks okay,but the other thing that tells me its a,direct quote is i used a page number,here,so uh when youre paraphrasing youre,really just,repeating an idea in your own words so,its not something that you can put your,finger on,if you use a direct quote the reader,should be able to go back and find that,direct quote,so keep that in mind when youre doing,your uh in-text citations,thats a difference in how you set them,up,paraphrase you dont need a page number,for,direct quotes you need a page number,okay keep that in mind,all right so im just going to scroll,through okay so,now weve moved on to a new section and,its called,impacts of employment and its a first,level heading,okay so thats fine,now weve gone into steps in education,and training,alright so thats another first level,heading,now somethings going to happen here,ive taken this concept,and ive broken it into two so,im talking about educational reform so,now i have a second level heading,so this second level heading is,left aligned and its still bold okay,if you go into like third and fourth,level headings,they change slightly as well um i just,went as far as second level headings,again because its a short paper youre,not going to go into too many levels,so now we go into the other,part of that section employee training,and then i take it down to my conclusion,all right so the conclusion tells the,reader were wrapping it up,okay notice that as i go along,i still have that running head i still,have the page numbers im up to seven,pages,and now i have my reference page,so the reference page im very picky,about the way this is set up,the word references is not bolded or,anything like that its just,um its just as it is here,um i have everything listed,alphabetically the,the authors listed alphabetically and,theres,what we call a hanging indent so in the,body,of the lit review it was a first line,indent now its a hanging indent,okay so if i click here and i look at,the ruler,just click down here if i look at the,ruler,well notice that this kind of almost it,did the opposite,okay so this part hangs out,over the second line okay thats,how you want to set that up you dont,want to have any extra spaces,between your references okay,listed alphabetically and we start with,the author last name,we start with then we go to the year in,parentheses,with a period then we have the title of,our,article then we have the title of our,journal and it should be,in italics then we have our volume,again in italics then we have our issue,number,its not an italic so you have to kind,of be careful you have two numbers side,by side one should be in italics one,should not,and then we have the page numbers now,these,are all um,references that belong to journals,and youre probably going to find that,a lot of your stuff is going to come,fro
APA Literature Review
Hi, this is Dr Diane Gehart, and this is a lecture on how to write an A.P.A.,style review of the literature.,A lot of my students over the years have asked me how to do this,,and Ive tried to compile some of my best tips.,I know I wont cover it all, but I want to just kind of lay out some of the basics,,a kind of understanding what is a literature review,,how might it be different from other papers.,I do teach in a marriage family therapy and counseling program,,so my examples and such will be geared towards that audience although I know,that people from many different disciplines do use the A.P.A.,style in this particular type of lit review.,I hope you find this lecture helpful in helping,you get started on enjoying the process of writing a literature review,,because it should be a ton of fun, seriously.,So what is an A.P.A. style literature review?,I think its important to get this very clear because sometimes theres,even confusion on what it basically is.,Now in another lecture I describe how to do A.P. A style and the formatting.,In this lecture I want to talk about how to conceptualize the literature,review piece, not writing a whole research study and how that goes, but,just that literature review portion.,So A.P.A., American Psychological Association,,this is a scientific organization.,I know there are some people out there who might debate whether psychology is,a science, that is a whole different lecture and topic.,Here were talking about what is written by people and written for,people to disseminate psychological and social science information.,So the A.P.A. style lit review, you need to think of it as this is a review of,scientific literature, and so what is the literature?,Its not like literature in your English background, novels and such.,The review of the scientific literature,are 1st primarily to review research studies and,also theoretical literature that is formally recognized by this community.,So not everything thats published in the world is appropriate.,In fact, a lot of stuff thats published, and most of whats on the Internet,,is not appropriate for being put into an A.P.A literature review.,You know just because you find a website ,you know, on anorexia or autism,,it doesnt mean that the information on that website is appropriate for,putting it into the scientific discourse.,Theres only certain things that basically are allowed.,Wittgenstein is a very famous philosopher who talked about language games.,And theres a very specific language game thats being played here as to what counts,as evidence, what counts as literature in the social sciences.,So in general though, you can be focusing on whats considered scientific,literature, and youre going to write from generally an objective voice or,objective point of view.,What an A.P.A literature review is not.,Your opinion has no place in here unless you are an extreme senior in your field.,Maybe in the conclusion portion of your lit review you can have a statement,because youre senior in the field and everyone recognizes that.,But even then, regardless even of your level of seniority,,the appropriate way and what goes in here is,whats in the literature in discussing whats in the literature.,And, you know, again generally youre not arguing your position.,Now there are some more senior people in the field who will be arguing a position.,But if youre writing your 1st A.P.A. style literature review in,an undergraduate or a masters level type program youre generally not.,Not unless your professor is really giving you instructions on how to do this,,arguing a particular position.,What youre doing is youre outlining what is there.,And yes youre opinion and bias is there.,You cannot not have that opinion and bias.,But you want to keep it to a minimum, and you want to keep the voice objective.,You dont want to have dramatic language in here.,Sometimes,you know, I read papers from students and theyre trying to,make a point by being very dramatic about how terrible the plight is for,certain types of children or whatever the situation might be.,And in general that, even that dramatic language when youre trying to argue,a point, even if there are citations, keep it toned down.,I always joke if its dry and boring youre on the right path.,Just think scientific, objective, dry boring, non-dramatic, not your opinion,or view of the scientific evidence base.,So in terms of finding the literature generally youre going to use some kind,of database.,Such as psych info theres ERIC.,There are social science databases that,help people locate journal articles and other professional references.,These are the databases that are kind of,pre-screening what counts as professional literature.,So this is really what you should stick with.,There is something called Google Scholar and sometimes you find things there,,Ive not been particularly thrilled with that.,Its not been consciously screened the same,way a database like Psychinfo or ERIC has been.,You can especially if youre doing certain types of literature reviews.,Its sometimes worth, if youre researching for,example what is the literature on a particular psychotherapy or,family therapy theory, you can scan Amazon to see if theres any major publications.,Thats sometimes appropriate, but not always.,And then there are also sometimes professional book publisher,websites you can always check out again,,looking for some of the more pertinent professional books.,Some of these professional book publishers include Norton, Guilford, Rutledge.,I always joke at the way you know its a professional book, not a popular book,,is that the professional books cost a lot more, generally.,And so if youre looking at $15.00 to $20.00 books generally its,not a professional book.,They have as much smaller circulation than the pop psych books.,Generally you want to avoid any of the popular psychology literature.,Thats not appropriate unless youre citing whats in those because youre,discussing an issue related to that.,But you cant use those as like evidence for anything, you know,,like you would a journal article or professional book.,And so when youre in the literature and,youre putting in your keywords you want to- There are all of these,professional databases like Psych info or Eric that have keywords.,And you can go in and actually, they have lists of keywords that fit.,So you can, for example if youre doing,,lets say you wanted to research Adlerian child therapy.,So you would put in and Adlerian is a key word and it might,pop up with some other options and you can click a box to allow it to do that.,You can research the keywords section; do they use adlerian therapy do they use,,you know, individual psychology?,What term are they using for that?,And then you might check to see if the index is using child therapy or,child counselling or are they both kind of in the database as key terms?,But youll be putting in these key terms and,then as you start getting hits for things to get,,” Yeah, this is the type of article or book or book chapter I was looking for”.,Notice you will see in the entries for,these that theres a list of the key terms.,And so what you want to do is look at the key terms that are associated with that,article, select the ones that you think, ” yes, these are what Im looking for”.,Keep putting those then into the search,options to generate hopefully articles that are more on target.,And you also want to keep an eye out for,recent dates as well as studies in the United States.,I once had a student in one of my Masters program do a study on suicide with teens.,And this is for a professional preparation program for,being a marriage family therapist in California.,And so all the research studies were from Australia and Japan and Europe.,Thats lovely, its very interesting, and a little of that is fine.,But, their assignment was to actually do a presentation,as if they were presenting to the local California audience about teen,suicide here in California in the Unit
More: peacemaker review
How to Write a Literature Review: 3 Minute Step-by-step Guide | Scribbr ????
Writing the literature review might be easier than you think.,Its only a critical recap of what has already been researched on a topic, so no need to,panic.,In this video, youll learn how to write a literature review in 5 simple steps.,Hi, Im Jessica from Scribbr, here to help you achieve your academic goals.,We also zoom in on all of the steps outlined in this video in separate videos,check out the playlist here.,Lets get ready to start writing!,Step 1, search for relevant literature on your topic,In this context, literature just means any academic sources like books or journal articles,about your topic.,First, you need to search in the right scholarly databases, so something like google scholar,,JSTOR, science direct.,Search your keywords with boolean operators like these to help you filter and refine the,search results.,Check out this video to find out how to use them.,Step 2, evaluate and select sources,Unless your topic is super niche, you probably can’t read EVERYTHING that’s been written,on the topic.,Once youve got the sources from step 1, read the abstract to scan whether an article is,relevant or not.,Also scan the bibliography to find other relevant sources!,You should also pay attention to the citation count on Google Scholar.,If the count is high, the source is probably important and you should include it.,Step 3, identify themes, debates, and gaps,As you read, take notes and pay attention to the connections between different sources.,This way, you can organize your literature reviews arguments and structure a lot easier.,Here ar e some things to look for: Trends and patterns in theory, method or results.,Themes Debates or contradictions,Influential studies And gaps,Step 4, outline your literature review’s structure,You can go about your literature reviews structure in a few ways.,It all depends on what you found in the literature and what you want to emphasize.,Here are 4 common approaches to structure the literature review.,Chronological, that means from older to more recent publications.,Thematic, so organized around several key themes.,For methodological, you can compare the different research methods being used across studies.,And use theoretical to discuss opposing theories or models.,More details in this video, check it out.,And finally, get writing!,Make sure your literature review has an introduction, a main body that summarizes and synthesizes,the sources, and a conclusion, just like other academic texts.,Now lets get your literature review started!,To learn more about literature review, click this playlist!,Ill see you there.
More: quadair drone review
LITERATURE REVIEW: Step by step guide for writing an effective literature review
hello there my name is chelsea seaburn,welcome to the smart student,im so excited for todays video because,its been a topic thats been requested,time and time again,and that is how to write a literature,review now,first things first please know that this,video is time stamped im saying this,because this is going to be a longer,tutorial so if you dont want to sit,through the entire thing,thats fine but please use those to,navigate the video but for everyone else,i hope youre comfortable because were,going to have some fun am i right,[Music],so what is a literature review well a,literature review is a preferred method,a torture used from professors all over,the world,just kidding as torturous as writing a,literature review may seem,i think theyre just highly,misunderstood so a literature review,is a review of literature obviously,what that means is that its a review of,research thats already been done,about a specific topic in other words,youre simply reviewing,work done by other people so that you,can gain,a clear picture of the current knowledge,on that subject think of it like an,audit or an inspection great so why does,a literature review matter,well if youve been assigned to write,one you probably want to do a good job,but,on a deeper level a literature review is,going to significantly,increase your knowledge on your given,subject so to be clear,a literature review is not the place,where you introduce your own original,thoughts and ideas,it simply sets the stage so you can do,that later on,and that right there is the fabulous,thing about a literature review because,whatever your research question is,chances are someone has already answered,that for you,so youre not reinventing the wheel,youre simply,so in other words youre not reinventing,the wheel,youre simply researching it so that,later on,you can look at it from a different,angle you can question it you can debate,it,you can add your own information to it,but with the literature review,youre not reinventing it youre simply,researching it,so for example before i made this video,before i make any video i spend some,time,researching the internet about my video,topic i do this so that i know what you,guys have most likely read,watched and researched yourself so that,way i know where to fill in the gaps and,give you the most useful content when i,do this im essentially doing,an informal literature review because,im looking to see where current,information stops,so that i know where to properly pick up,from there during that,initial researching phase im not adding,in any new information,im setting myself up to add in new,information,later when i make my script or film my,video i hope that gives you the basic,understanding of what a literature,review is and why,it matters now lets get into actually,creating one so first things first,you need to know if your literature,review is a standalone assignment,or a part of a larger assignment if its,a standalone assignment youre going to,follow the same structure,as if this were a standard writing,assignment in other words youre going,to follow the same formatting by,creating a title page,a reference page and then your paper is,going to be structured with an,introduction body paragraphs and a,conclusion,if its a part of a larger assignment,like a research paper,your literature review is usually going,to be located right after your,introduction,because its going to be that last piece,that sets up your reader for the rest of,your research,all right now lets talk steps so ive,broken the process of writing a,literature review,down into two halves that are broken,down into four,phases you have search organize,structure and write search and organize,pertain to the researching phase,structure and write pertain to the,actual creation of writing your,literature review,for this example im going to be,creating a standalone assignment because,thats going to cover the formatting for,both,types okay so starting in phase one with,step one which is to search,the first thing you need to do is,identify your topic,which shouldnt be too hard because if,youre assigned to write a literature,review you were probably given a general,topic,my pro tip for you is to take your topic,and think of it in terms of a question,in other words go ahead and formulate a,research question,if you dont already have one because,this is going to help you guide your,research its much easier,to go online and search for answers to a,question,rather than aimlessly search about a,given topic,if you need help with turning your topic,into a research question i suggest,checking out this video up here,but for this example my research,question is,what are the lasting mental health,effects women,experience when they diet for weight,loss,yay us we have our research question now,is the time to go search in other words,lets go find the literature lets go,search for the information,when you do this there are a few,different angles you can look at your,research you can look for,answers to your research question trends,or patterns,contradictions or debates common or,reoccurring themes,or gaps in the research but no matter,what or how you look for it the key is,to do smart research and im just going,to briefly go over this right now but my,best advice is when you find an article,the first thing you should do,is read either the abstract or the,introduction,because its gonna tell you if whats in,the article is gonna be useful for you,then if the answer is yes go ahead and,read the conclusion,because the conclusion and the,introduction together is gonna give you,the full scope of what,exactly is in that article then if you,need to read more,on something in that article you can use,either the table of contents or maybe,section headings,to go find that and read more on it,thats the key to smart research and,thats simply being strategic about it,if youd like to know a few safe,academic places to look you can start,with google scholar,theres ebsco medline econ lit,proquest and open access google scholar,is a great place to look so lets go,ahead and start there,the first thing i recommend doing is,copying and pasting your research,question,into the search feature this is going to,give you a good pool of,potentially relevant articles that you,can sift through first,one thing i recommend paying attention,to is a citation feature listed at the,bottom of each listing,so for example note how this one has,only been cited 349 times,while these three sources are in the,thousands close to two thousand,what they should tell you is that these,are strong articles,that would make for good sources for,your research from here,something else you can do is change some,of your keywords to refine your search,so,instead of saying mental health effects,i might come up here and say,psychological,impact instead and lets go ahead and,change that thats a hard word to spell,am i right,here we go and this is going to give me,some new articles to look through that,are still,relevant to my topic shifting through,academic,databases you can then do very targeted,searches through google,by using the boolean feature so lets,say i come up here,and i start with dieting for weight loss,this is going to give me a bunch of,articles,that are about that topic if i want to,turn this into a refined,boolean search im going to come up here,and use keywords,for this example lets use womens,mental health,and what this is going to do is its,going to pull up very,targeted search results so its going to,fall under the category of dieting for,weight loss,but then womens mental health will be,included in those targeted keywords,if i want to refine this even further,lets say i put dieting for weight loss,in,quotations because now its going to,keep this phrase,and this phrase in this order which is,going to refine my search,even more please note that a lot of the,academic sources,are protected by pay walls if you run,into one,that is what i suggest doing is taking,down the tit
Literature Reviews APA Format
hi class in this module Ill be talking,about conducting literature reviews and,Ill also give a quick overview of APA,format hopefully for most of you at this,point in your career this is a little,bit of an overview but I recognize that,people come from all different,backgrounds and levels of experience,with these so I do want to go over some,of these concepts and strategies to talk,about reviewing the literature well,talk more in our last weekend of class,about writing an introduction your book,gives a nice overview of how to think,about synthesizing literature and the,the storytelling aspect of writing an,introduction which is one that Ill talk,more about in our last weekend of class,the Creswell chapter also gives a little,bit of a sense of some of that,storytelling aspect and talks about a,strategy that he recommends called,literature mapping that may or may not,be useful to you thats not something I,have done traditionally but I think it,can be useful depending on how familiar,you are with the topic and where you are,in a research career so Ill talk first,about conducting literature reviews Ill,go over a few of the concepts in your,book and Ill talk a little bit more in,depth about Google Scholar and Ill show,you an example of EndNote and how I have,used EndNote in the past so we conduct,literature reviews and review the,literature more generally for a lot of,reasons the first is obviously to inform,your research to develop a research,question and to inform the design of,your research and the research methods,that youll use and thats often the,first step so we typically go into a,literature review with a topic maybe,some sense of a question or some,Association that we want to look at but,on the the refinement of that question,if you already have one in mind are the,development of a question if youre,coming with just a topic should really,very much be based in the literature,its likely gonna be based in your,personal experiences and in your in your,professional practice what about the,education or therapy or or advocacy or,some other practice but the,the final question should very much be,grounded in the literature and youll,use that literature to present that,final question to your reading audience,whether thats your dissertation,committee or the audience of a journal,conference etc so the the informing of,researches is one of the primary reasons,that we review literature and your book,in the in the chapter on reviewing the,literature I think it says you know,youve youve identified your research,question now youll review the,literature and I think thats a little,bit of a flip-flop in some ways I think,maybe he means I hope that he means that,that youll review the literature youll,present your reviewed literature after,you develop your research question so,the first step should really be,connecting literature review to inform,that question and then we review,literature to be able to synthesize it,to establish a problem or need for,research to put the research question,into the context of existing literature,so that we can compare and contrast,indicate how that existing literature,has led to our research question and how,the research question makes sense in,light of that sometimes the standalone,literature reviews will provide a,critical synthesis of that literature,for other scholars whether thats,narrative or systematic as your book,talks about the distinction between,those and for many of you moving forward,in your careers in particular it will be,to inform your practice you have a,difficult case youre approaching a,particular kind of training and you want,to be able to get a sense of what we,know and how that should inform what you,teach how you treat that patient things,like that so these these reasons are not,standalone they are very much,overlapping and will depend from sort of,instance to instance of why youre using,the literature while youre reviewing it,Stendhal and literature reviews I think,are really can be great ways for,students in particular to think about,getting publications for those of you,who will be starting on your,dissertations in the near future youll,write a very thorough literature review,in the process,of doing your dissertation proposal and,Ive seen people turn those sort of,stand-alone literature reviews or turn,those sections of their dissertation,into standalone literature reviews that,then get published this is really great,it gives you an opportunity for a solo,third publication where youre the only,author it helps you establish your name,in a particular field and they dont,require all of the resources that are,underlying the actual conduct of,research so theyre great ways to get,publications and these typically need to,establish the context tell your reader,why that is important why we should care,and provide a really complex and concise,overview of that literature with some,boundaries and you want to give your,reader a take home message what are the,things that we know I often say when,were critic when were katika ng the,literature we should be careful in that,so obviously if a research has its flaws,and there are things that we would do,differently or we think might be fatal,flaws but we should always be sort of,gentle and generous and our critiques,especially if they are if we want to,engage in that particular research,community we dont want to be known as,that jerk who thinks everybody elses,research is terrible so always be aware,that the people who conducted that,research may very likely be reading your,research at some point um and so youll,also want to give a sense of what should,we be doing next what are the questions,that we still have etc and this,standalone literature format sort of,this formula for what goes into it is a,similar format in some ways its the,narrative review format and is typically,what well use in most research articles,in your dissertation youll be able to,use that literature and give a sense,that you have a sense of the full,literature but be able to use that,strategically to lead to your research,question so again theres this,storytelling element here,so again hopefully this is um this is,review for many of you at this point in,your academic and professional careers,but we look,for research and literature in all sorts,of places so academic databases psycinfo,pubmed are two notable ones we may look,at journal tables of content reference,list of articles particularly review,articles systematic reviews meta,analyses for most of us at this point we,just go to Google Scholar I know when I,when Google Scholar first came out there,was a lot of I heard from other,researchers and scholars you cant only,rely on Google Scholar and I dont,necessarily think we should solely be,relying on Google Scholar but Google,Scholar pulls from a whole bunch of,places and there are a lot of refinement,options plus it integrates with most,reference softwares so largely at this,point when I embark on a literature,review I generally look at just Google,Scholar and then go from there,so Ill talk a little bit about some,Google Scholar tips I think most people,use a fairly simplistic version of,Google Scholar and I think theres a lot,of ways in which we can make Google,Scholar a little bit more powerful for,us so Ill switch over to Google Scholar,and talk about some tips that I think,might be helpful Ill actually go,through and talk a little bit about,searching for sexual assertiveness,because thats the topic that we will be,addressing in the survey project that,well doing for this class Ill use that,as an example so for many of us myself,to some dree degree included we dont,know the literature on sexual sort of,that stuff its not our area thats not,a construct or concept that we have,traditionally looked at in our own work,and so we may be very much starting,fresh on this entire topic and trying to,get a sense really broadly of what we,know about it so we may start out with,the basic search term sexual,assertiv
Research proposal literature review
okay how to write a mini literature,review this is part of the research,proposal that youre writing so you have,the introduction followed by the,literature review followed by the,methods so I say its a mini in,literature review because usually,literature reviews are really long but,yours will be limited to five to six,pages plus references the literature,review is not a list describing or,summarizing one piece of literature,after another so what I dont want to do,is read the ten papers that you have and,you summarize each one one after the,other okay I want you to evaluate the,major points of the papers and then,write it all in a different format which,were going to go through in just a,second here and the literature review,you should help you understand the topic,better it will demonstrate your,knowledge on the topic of your choosing,it brings the reader up to date on what,has been done before and what you will,want to do so whats the function of a,literature review dont say to review,the literature but pretty much thats,what it is it is a summary after the of,the literature that has been done before,so its snapshots into the paper some of,the major papers major concepts and its,more so even evaluating the literature,so its not just a summary but its,evaluating the major points of the,different studies that have been done,before so it should show relationships,between the different studies for,example if there have been different,methods that have been used in the,different papers or there happens,similar results or different results you,should be able to show a relationship,between different studies and especially,in a research proposal which youre,writing you should be able to show how,the published work relates to your work,so once you go through your literature,review review always go back to say how,does this relate to what you are,proposing to do so reviews must be,accurate so you want to be the fact,checker you know in both political,campaign now we have fact checkers,everywhere and thats what you want to,do for your own research proposal so,make sure your citations are correct and,the findings attributed to authors,correct and it must be complete so all,the important papers should be included,but if not every paper written on the,topic so you want to be a little bit,selective of which papers you will,include in your literature review in,which you will leave out what questions,do literature reviews answer they answer,all of these six or more what do we know,about the area of inquiry,so the key concepts the factors the,variables what are the relationships,between the key concepts factors and,variables what are the current theories,what are some of the inconsistencies and,other shortcomings that you can find and,you can be critical in this what needs,further testing because evidence is,lacking inconclusive contradictory or,limited and why study this question,further so see how it would relate back,to your introduction in your,introduction you also had a little bit,of background information what were the,gaps of knowledge in that in that,background and why do you want to study,this further,a good literature review is focused,always remember your purpose of why,youre writing your literature review so,if you have a specific hypothesis in,mind or a specific question in mind,always read with that question in the,back of your mind and then also write,with that question in the back of your,mind so always relate back to your work,the writing process can be quite,extensive and you want to start earlier,rather than later you have enough time,to write five to six pages on your,literature review before the due date,but you want to start early on that the,night before do not procrastinate,because you will have to collect a lot,of information before you even start,writing collect information from,peer-reviewed journal articles books,conference proceedings government or,corporate reports so all should be sort,of peer-reviewed or by some other,researchers or other scientists again,dont use online writings personal,opinions health magazines articles dont,use any of those and then you have to,analyze all of your papers that you just,collected so which of those are actually,relevant to your topic and then you want,to arrange those papers and you can,outline you can write an outline of your,literature review and then arrange your,papers by the different research ideas,for each of the paragraphs that youll,have in your review summarize and use,transitional connections between,paragraphs so that it flows really,nicely and you know where youre going,with that review how do you organize,paragraphs so in general context,you always want to start with a broad,statement a broad general statement,which is a topic sentence that,introduces the theme of the paragraph,and then for each paper that fits into,this paragraph you want to briefly,summarize the study very briefly and,that discuss what the findings of the,study were so you want to be sufficient,yet succinct in what youre including,about the details of the study explain,the significance of the study and why,you included it in your review at the,end of the paragraph and make sure you,transition between the paragraphs to,help the reader see where youre going I,pulled a few papers and found a lot of,examples so this one is one,high-intensity interval training hit is,emerging as a potential time efficient,strategy for health promotion so thats,the topic sentence and it very nicely,summarizes what will be the theme of the,study though the theme of the study said,youre including in this paragraph,current recommended guidelines of 150,minutes of moderate physical activity,per week is reduced by half to 75,minutes if the weeks activity is done,at a vigorous intensity and then we have,the citation ACSM from 2014 right so,then youre going through the different,studies and explaining why,high-intensity interval training is a,time efficient strategy for health,promotion another example in the past,decade low cardiorespiratory fitness has,garnered considerable attention as an,independent and powerful predictor of,cardiovascular disease risk and,premature mortality okay again,topic sentence starting with a a broad,general,statement of what the theme of the,paragraph to follow will be for example,Williams in 2001 showed in a,meta-analysis that there was a,precipitous increase in relative risk,for cardiovascular disease in the lowest,quartile of cardiorespiratory fitness,okay so then after the topic sentence,you would summarize quickly the,different studies that fall under this,theme a few hints what you want to do on,the left side and what you do not want,to do on the right side so you want to,read the most relevant papers on the,topic but you dont want to read,everything thats known about this topic,so be selective in the articles that you,choose but make sure that you are not,biased either by what youre reading so,if you have already a strong opinion on,something make sure you include some of,the papers that confirm your suspicions,but also the ones that you might not,completely agree with so Ill get a,balanced review do you write many drafts,and do keep people you have,bibliographic information for every,source so write down where you got it,from organize your literature review by,ideas not by the papers so again I dont,want to see a summary Williams in 2001,so this the whole paragraph on that,study and then Johnson in 2002 so this,and then and so on and so forth so its,not just a summary of the different,studies but you want to organize your,literature review by ideas so spanning,over multiple studies,of course use formal style not the,informal cell so its always in third,person and not in first person there,should never be an I in a research,proposal or literature review always,starts even at the beginning start to,write you dont want to read everything,and then forgets the the first few,papers that you read and not write,anyt
LITERATURE REVIEW tutorial: Writing the literature review real example
hello there welcome back to the smart,student my name is chelsea siebern if,its the first time youre here im,happy you are here,and for everyone else of course im,happy you were here too but,just so you know what this video is,about were going to talk about how,to actually write literature reviews and,full disclosure,this is a two-part video series and this,is video number two,so if you havent checked out video,number one be sure to go do that because,video number one is all about,making sure you have the full,understanding of what,a literature review is in that video i,uncover,the common confusion that students seem,to have with literature reviews,and i set the record straight there and,now in this video were going to apply,our understanding to actually creating a,literature review,so that being said lets go ahead and,jump in,okay so first things first what is a,literature review,now mind you im not going to spend a,lot of time in this portion of the video,because i have,a full other video dedicated to this but,for refreshers sake what is a,literature review simply put a,literature review is,a synthesis of the current research,thats been done on a topic current and,previous,so any information any knowledge that,exists,on a topic a literature of you would go,out,and find that information aka literature,and then combine it together into a,synthesis to create a new piece of,literature,on the current state of knowledge on,that topic,and now real quick because i find,synthesis can be a foreign word to some,students synthesis is simply a,combination its a compilation so,youd be taking a bunch of little moving,parts and putting it together into one,new solid piece of literature and now,the reason,literature reviews are important is,because it gives you a summarized,birds eye view of a topic so,that you know where to position your,research later on its as simple as that,and so if youre watching this video,right now im going to assume,youre probably a student and if you are,a student,im also going to assume that a,literature review is not your first,academic writing assignment a literature,review is not your first rodeo,youve probably written loads of,academic writing pieces,previously and the reason i bring this,up is because,i like to put it into perspective that,the process of writing a literature,review is,very similar to academic writing however,the,end result varies just a little bit for,example,with traditional academic writing you,are demonstrating,your knowledge on a current topic with a,literature review,you are then demonstrating other,peoples knowledge on that topic,this is important that you understand,that as we get into the language,because if you watch that first video,the language is what i find confuses,students the most,both in formatting and writing because,in order for your literature review to,be,written correctly you need to use,referring language,where you are constantly referring back,to the sources that you found your,material,in but now that we have that little bit,of refresher out of the way,were going to jump into the actionable,parts for the remainder of this video,and just so you know what to expect what,i want to talk about is,how you can structure your literature,reviews how you can organize,your sources within your paper and then,were going to do a full-blown tutorial,on that referring language and i always,like to say right here from the start,something to keep in mind is that,these strategies im going to give you,this is not a one size fits all,so dont feel like you have to,pigeonhole yourself or box yourself into,one of these strategies because more,likely than not,youre going to apply a few of these,youre gonna mix and match,a lot of the things that im about to,give you right now but lets go ahead,and start with how you can organize your,sources because this will come first,because the process of organizing your,sources is something you should be doing,simultaneously as you research for the,literature review,okay so lets break this thing down like,i just said the first step in writing a,literature review is doing,your research and so when youre doing,your research it is,so important that simultaneously youre,evaluating,each source to determine why it matters,to you,where its going to fit into your,research so organizing,is an important part of the first half,of writing a literature review because,if you dont know,why each source matters to you later,when you go to write your paper,youre going to have a really hard time,combining,all your sources together in a logical,order that makes sense,flows and has a purpose mind you this,process usually takes the form of an,annotated bibliography,and if youre not writing a formal,annotated bibliography theres a good,chance youre writing an informal one,anyways because when youre researching,for a literature review,youre going through a lot of sources,youre reading through,a lot of articles and so theres a good,chance you are writing summaries on what,you find in each one,and my pro tip for you my best advice is,to take this a step further,and go ahead and write out the summary,of what each source contains,and then at the bottom include a,sentence or two,explaining exactly why it matters to,your research,so in other words literally put in there,what the purpose of each summary is,so you understand what i mean lets get,into five different options you could,choose to categorize your sources,by the way if you need help with an,annotated bibliography,check out this video right here you know,i got you covered but lets go ahead and,start with the first one,and this one is the most common most,classic common classic,way that you could choose to categorize,your sources and that is through a,problem solution formatting,so with this you have a topic and that,topic is rooted,in a problem it is centered around an,issue,so for example lets say your topic is,plastics polluting the ocean,theres your problem youre going to go,out there and research,a lot of different sources youre,reading through all of these articles,and youre writing out those summaries,so im going to pull up an example here,lets say these are three summaries for,three sources that i,found mind you yours is gonna have a lot,more but heres three for this example,the first one might be an article thats,demonstrating the problem it is setting,the background,providing my reader with context so im,literally going to include a sentence at,the end that says,this article demonstrates the problem,dot dot dot,and then go ahead and move to the second,one lets say this one is posing a,solution this article,suggests something that can be done to,fix this problem,again im going to write in there that,that article is a solution,and now lets say the last one is a,story about the problem its an example,of why,its a problem or evidence to that,problem,again im going to categorize it based,on that so you have problem solution,evidence when i go to write my,literature review its very,easy for me to determine the logical,order and where to plug in each source,mind you youre going to rearrange some,of your wording and some of your sources,might be combined,some you might take material out,obviously youre going to fix the,formatting on the language,which well get into later but thats an,example,now lets go ahead and move on to the,second way that you could categorize,your sources,and that is for or against so in other,words youre going to be categorizing,your sources based on what side they,stand on,so this is really good when youre,writing an argumentative literature,review,or youre talking about a debatable,topic right off the top of my head,any controversial topic you run into,this is a great structure to categorize,your sources,so lets change directions lets say,your new topic is about gun control,it would be very simple to categorize,your sources based on,sides that are for gun control and sites,that are against gun control and then,your paper,w